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علوم اجتماعی و جامعه شناسی::
عضوی قبیله ای
These descendants are recognized by common ethnic labels,1 including Native American, American Indian, First Peoples, indigenous or aboriginal peoples, and First Nations, as well as by many different tribal names.1 Finally, many tribes are known by other sacred names, sometimes known only to tribal members.1
Today, in order for a person to qualify as a tribal member, the person must be on a tribe's official rolls.
Historically, although variance existed in customs of different tribes, most tribal cultures automatically recognized as full tribal members people who were the child of a tribal member, outsiders adopted into the tribe, outsiders who married tribal members, and captives and slaves who were adopted into the tribe.14 Tribal enrollment and "blood quantum" issues today have their origins in the "land allotment" policies that went into effect after the reservation systems15 were established.
Finally, conflict exists between descendants of America's first indigenous peoples-those who are officially recognized as being tribal members, even Native Americans-and those who are not.
Their tribal members do not have Bureau of Indian Affairs registration cards and are not legally recognized as "Native Americans" by the federal government for treaty benefit purposes.22
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